國際海事組織和國際勞工組織通過了改善海員福利的指南

New measures to improve conditions for seafarers, including those who have been abandoned, have been adopted at a meeting involving governments, maritime workers and employers’ organisations.

在一次由政府、海上雇員和雇主組織參加的會議上，通過了改善海員(包括被遺棄的海員)條件的新措施。

The tripartite working group’s meeting involving the International Labour Organisation (ILO) and International Maritime Organisation (IMO), brought together more than 250 representatives and observers from governments, shipowners’ and seafarers’ representative organisations, to identify and address seafarer issues. ?The guidelines seek to address the significant rise in cases of abandonment of crews reported to the ILO, which have risen from less than 20 cases per year between 2011 and 2016 to 40 in 2019, 85 in 2020, 95 in 2021 and 114 cases as of mid-December 2022.

由國際勞工組織(ILO)和國際海事組織(IMO)組織的三方工作組會議匯集了來自各國政府、船東和海員代表組織的250多名參會代表和觀察員，以確定和解決海員相關的問題。該指南旨在解決向國際勞工組織報告的船員遺棄案件大幅增加的問題，這些案件從2011年至2016年期間的每年不到20起上升到2019年的40起，2020年的85起，2021年的95起，截至2022年12月中旬的114起。

The guidelines aim to improve coordination among countries, including flag states, port states, states in which seafarers are national or resident, and states in which recruitment and placement services operate, to resolve abandonment cases more quickly, including getting seafarers paid and repatriated home to their families. 

該指南旨在促進改善各國之間的協調，包括船旗國、港口國、海員國籍國或居住國，以及為海員開展招募和安置服務的國家，以更快地解決遺棄案件，包括向海員支付報酬并將其遣返回國。

The new guidelines draw on relevant ILO international labour standards, notably the Maritime Labour Convention 2006, as amended (MLC, 2006), including its most recent amendments; an earlier joint ILO-IMO resolution adopted in 2001; relevant IMO international frameworks and agreements and relevant trends and developments in regional and national law and practice.

指南借鑒了國際勞工組織的相關國際勞工標準，特別是經修訂的《2006年海事勞工公約》(MLC, 2006)，包括其最新修訂的版本;于2001年通過的國際勞工組織-國際海事組織聯合決議;海事組織的相關國際框架協議；區域和國家法律和實踐的相關趨勢和發展。

Under the MLC, 2006, flag States – countries where ships are registered and/or whose flag the ships are flying – must ensure a financial security system is in place for ships under those flags.The new guidelines encourage flag states to verify, at least yearly, the validity of financial security. States where recruitment and placement services operate are also called upon to regularly verify that those services include a system to ensure the protection of the seafarers they recruit and place.

根據《2006年海事勞工公約》，船旗國(船舶注冊和/或船舶懸掛其旗幟的國家)必須確保為懸掛這些旗幟的船舶建立財務擔保系統。新指南鼓勵船旗國至少每年核實一次其財務擔保的有效性。指南還要求提供招募和安置服務的國家定期核查這些服務是否包括確保其招募和安置的海員受到保護的制度。

The new guidelines set out procedures to be taken by states if a shipowner fails to fulfil obligations to arrange and cover the cost of repatriation of seafarers, outstanding wages and other contracted entitlements and the provision of essential needs, including medical care. The procedures include developing, in cooperation with seafarers’ and shipowners’ organisations, national Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) to explicitly define the liabilities and obligations of the competent authority and the roles to be played by the various national stakeholders.

新的指南規定了各國在船東未能履行支付海員遣返費用、未付工資和其他合同權利以及提供基本需求(包括醫療)義務時所應采取的程序。這些程序包括與海員和船東組織合作制定國家標準作業程序(SOPs)，明確規定主管當局的責任和義務，以及各國家利益相關方應發揮的作用。

The stakeholders include the relevant national seafarers’ welfare boards, shipping agencies, seafarers’ and shipowners’ organisations, seafarer welfare organisations, seafarer recruitment and placement services and others.

利益攸關方包括相關的國家海員福利委員會、航運機構、海員和船東組織、海員福利組織、海員招募和安置服務機構等。